Shock séptico en el adulto
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/6.(1).enero.2022.185-196Keywords:
Sepsis, Shock Séptico, Falla Orgánica, Falla CirculatoriaAbstract
El shock séptico es un estado de hipoperfusión tisular en el contexto de un síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica, caracterizado clínicamente por vasodilatación excesiva y el requerimiento de agentes presores para mantenerla presión de perfusión de los órganos. Su pronóstico depende de la rapidez con que se instaure el tratamiento y, en particular, de la introducción de un tratamiento antibiótico adecuado. El shock séptico es una enfermedad frecuente, con una tasa de mortalidad de alrededor del 40%, lo que hace que constituya un reto de salud pública.
El conocimiento de esta patología permite optimizar la atención inicial y reconocer los signos de alerta en pacientes sépticos con alto riesgo de desarrollar un shock séptico. El tratamiento inicial se basa en la administración de antibióticos tras la toma de muestras, la restauración de una hemodinámica satisfactoria mediante la expansión volémica y las catecolaminas y la gestión de las fallas orgánicas que se asocien. El cuidado de estos pacientes requiere una estrecha vigilancia y deben trasladarse a las unidades de cuidados intensivos.
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