Impacto de la cirugía robótica vs laparoscópica. Una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/9.(4).diciembre.2025.252-270Keywords:
Cirugía robótica, Cirugía laparoscópica, Revisión sistemática, Resultados clínicos, RentabilidadAbstract
La cirugía robótica constituye un importante avance tecnológico. Sin embargo, aún existe debate sobre si es superior y más rentable que la laparoscopia convencional. El presente artículo presenta una comparación de ambas técnicas en cuanto a su impacto en los resultados clínicos, los costes, la calidad de vida y la ergonomía. Se realizó una revisión sistemática según PRISMA 2020, por lo que se analizaron 31 estudios entre los años 2020 y 2025. Los resultados indican que ambas técnicas presentan similitudes en cuanto a complicaciones y recuperación. Por otro lado, la cirugía robótica ofrece ciertas ventajas en cirugías complejas: una menor tasa de conversión y mejores condiciones ergonómicas para el cirujano. No obstante, tiende a presentar mayores costes y tiempos de operación más prolongados. Conclusión, Aunque ambas técnicas son similares desde el punto de vista clínico, la robótica aporta más valor en cirugías complejas que requieren alta precisión. Su uso rutinario debe evaluarse cuidadosamente en lo que respecta a la relación coste-beneficio.
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