Obesidad en los adultos mayores, riesgos y consecuencias
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26820/reciamuc/6.(1).enero.2022.319-331Palabras clave:
Obesidad, Sobrepeso, Adultos Mayores, Diabetes, Enfermedades CardiovascularesResumen
La población con obesidad se ha incrementado vertiginosamente en la actualidad. El grupo etario es identificado como un factor asociado a la gravedad de la enfermedad, diversos hallazgos epidemiológicos, indican un vínculo entre la edad y la gravedad de la misma, dado que más del 75% de las muertes se han notificado en pacientes de 65 años o más. Es vital estudiar los riesgos y consecuencias asociados a la obesidad en adultos mayores, con especial atención, dada la propagación desde 2019 de la pandemia mundial COVID 19, la cual se manifiesta con mayores índices de riesgo de enfermedad grave y morbimortalidad debido a la contracción de esta infección por pacientes con afecciones crónicas subyacentes. Este estudio de exhaustiva revisión documental pretender dar a conocer los riesgos y consecuencias de la obesidad en adultos mayores, Cardiopatía, Alta presión sanguínea Alto Colesterol, diabetes tipo 2 y Cáncer. Adicionalmente se incorpora como factor de riesgo las enfermedades graves resultantes de la infección por COVID-19; entre las consecuencias destacan las de la salud, así como económica y altas tasas de morbimortalidad. La prevención con una sana alimentación, el tratamiento personalizado, en los adultos mayores, de acuerdo a enfermedades crónicas subyacentes, y tratamiento oportuno de acuerdo a los recientes hallazgos son alguno de las recomendaciones. La prosecución de investigaciones en la materia es clave para disminuir la creciente tasa de obesidad en esta población constituido como problema de salud mundial.
Descargas
Citas
Instituto Nacional de las Personas Adultas Mayores. (18 de 09 de 2020). Obesidad en el adulto mayor. México, DF, México: Gobierno de México. Recuperado el 10 de 02 de 2022, de https://www.gob.mx/inapam/es/articulos/obesidad-en-personas-mayores?idiom=es
Obesidad y Sobrepeso. (2021). Organizacion mundial para la salud. Recuperado el 25 de 02 de 2022, de WHO. INT: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Samir, M., Azis, R., Al Mahri, S., Shafi Malik, S. M., Haji, E., Husain, A. K., Bouchama, b. (2021). Obesity and COVID-19: what makes obese host so vulnerable? Immunity & Ageing, 18(1).
Batsis, J. (2019). Obesity in the Older Adult: Special Issue. Journal of Nutrition in Gerontology and Geriatrics, 38(1), 1-5.
Department of health of the Government of Western Australian. (2022). Healthy WA. Recuperado el 18 de 02 de 2022, de Health information for western Australian: https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/Articles/N_R/Overweight-and-obesity-in-adults
T H Chan Harvard School of publich health. (2020). Obesity consequences Health Risks.
Fischer F, R. L. (2020). COVID-19 and the elderly: who cares? . Front Public Health (8), 151.
Etard, J. F., Vanhems, P., Atlani-Duault, L., & Ecochard, R. (March 2020). Potential lethal outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among the elderly in retirement homes and long-term facilities. France: Euro Surveill.
Kassir, R. (2020). Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity. Obes Rev, 21-27.
Caussy, C., Wallet, F., Laville, M., & Disse, E. (2020). Obesity is associated with severe forms of COVID-19. Obesity (Silver Spring), 28-35.
Osama, T., Pankhania, B., & Majeed, A. (2020). Protecting older people from COVID-19: should the United Kingdom start at age 60? J R Soc Med, 113-118.
Nickel, C. H., Rueegg, M., Pargger, H., & Bingisser, R. (2020). Age, comorbidity, frailty status: effects on disposition and resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Swiss Med Wkly, 150.
Singh, A. K., Gupta, R., & Misra, A. (2020). Comorbidities in COVID-19: outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers. Diabetes Metab Syndr, 14-18.
Fischer, F., Raiber, L., Boscher, C., & Winter, M. H. (2020). COVID-19 and the elderly: who cares? Front. Public Health, 8.
Sinclair, A. J., & Abdelhafiz, A. H. (2020). Age, frailty and diabetes - triple jeopardy for vulnerability to COVID-19 infection. EClinical Medicine, 22.
Guh, D., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., Amarsi, Z., Birmingham, C., & Anis, A. (2009). The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 9-88.
Rocha, V., & Libby, P. (2009). Obesity, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol, 6.
Bogers, R., Bemelmans, W., & Hoogenveen, R. (2007). Association of overweight with increased risk of coronary heart disease partly independent of blood pressure and cholesterol levels: a meta-analysis of 21 cohort studies including more than 300,000 persons. Arch Interm Med, 167.
Strazzullo, P., DElia, L., Cairella, G., Garbagnati, F., Cappuccio, F., & Scalfi, L. (2010). Excess body weight and incidence of stroke: meta-analysis of prospective studies with 2 million participants. Stroke, 41.
McGee, D. L. (2005). Body mass index and mortality: a meta-analysis based on person-level data from twenty-six observational studies. Ann Epidemiol, 15.
De Las Fuentes, L., Waggoner, A., & Mohammed, B. (2009). Effect of moderate diet-induced weight loss and weight regain on cardiovascular structure and function. J Am Coll Cardiol, 54.
Luppino, F., De Wit, L., & Bouvy, P. (2010). Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 67.
Rich-Edwards, J., Spiegelman, D., & Garland, M. (2002). Physical activity, body mass index, and ovulatory disorder infertility. Epidemiology, 13.
Bacon, C., Mittleman, M., Kawachi, I., Giovannucci, E., Glasser, D., & Rimm, E. (2006). A prospective study of risk factors for erectile dysfunction. J Urol, 176.
Johannes, C., Araujo, A., Feldman, H., Derby, C., Kleinman, K., & McKinlay, J. (2000). Incidence of erectile dysfunction in men 40 to 69 years old: longitudinal results from the Massachusetts male aging study. J Urol, 163.
McClean, K., Kee, F., Young, I., & Elborn, J. (2008). Obesity and the lung: 1. Epidemiology. Thorax, 63.
Alzheimers Association. (6 de 2010). Alzheimers Facts and Figures. Obtenido de Alzheimers & Dementia: Accessed January 25, 2012.
Anandacoomarasamy, A., Caterson, I., Sambrook, P., Fransen, M., & March, L. (2008). The impact of obesity on the musculoskeletal system. Int J Obes (London), 32.
Adams, K., Schatzkin, A., & Harris, T. (2006). Overweight, obesity, and mortality in a large prospective cohort of persons 50 to 71 years old. N Engl J Med, 355.
Higham, A., & Singh, D. (2020). Increased ACE2 Expression in the Bronchial Epithelium of COPD Patients who are Overweight. Obesity (Silver Spring), 28-37.
Rebello, C., Kirwan, J., & Greenway, F. (2020). Obesity, the most common comorbidity in SARS-CoV-2: is leptin the link? Int J Obes, 44-53.
Castelo-Branco , C., & Soveral, I. (2014). The immune system and aging: a review. Gynecol Endocrinol, 30-31.
Rojas-Osornio, S., Cruz-Hernandez, T., Drago-Serrano, M., & Campos-Rodriguez, R. (2019). Immunity to influenza: impact of obesity. Obes Res Clin Pract, 13-18.
Zheng, K., Gao, F., Wang, X., Sun, Q., Pan, K., & Wang, T. (2020). Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Metabolism, 108.
Targher, G., Zoppini, G., Moghetti, P., & Day, C. (2010). Disorders of coagulation and hemostasis in abdominal obesity: emerging role of fatty liver. Semin Thromb Hemost, 36-37.
Bhaskaran, K., Douglas, I., Forbes, H., & Dos-Santos-Silva, A. (2014). Body-mass index and risk of 22 specific cancers: a population-based cohort study of 5,24 million UK adults. Lancet, 384.
Wolf, A., & Colditz, G. (1998). Current estimates of the economic cost of obesity in the United States. Obesity Research, 6-8.
Trogdon, J., Finkelstein, E., Hylands, T., & Dellea, P. (2008). Indirect costs of obesity: a review of the current literature. Obes Rev, 489-500.
